1 John 1: Pathological Liars

Have you ever been around a pathological liar? A pathological liar is someone who lies so much, he/she have convinced himself/herself that his/her lies are really the truth. Anything that contradicts their false truth, even if it is the real truth, is a lie in his/her mind. It’s kind of scary being around pathological liars because they don’t know what truth is, and they can easily distort the truth in their minds. Did you the Bible calls out some people to be pathological liars spiritually? It does, right here in 1 John 1.

1 John 1 is the shortest chapter of 1 John, only 10 verses long. I believe that this chapter can be divided evenly in half into two sections. True, most Bible translations will make the section splits between verse 4 and verse 5, but I believe verse 5 belongs more with the first 4 verses than it does with the last 5 verses. It all has to do with seeing 1 John 1:1-5 as a prologue. If you can recollect from my studies on 1 John, I displayed how John 1 (John 1 broadly, John 1:1-18 specifically) served as a prologue to the Gospel of John. 1 John 1:1-15 will also become a prologue. Any reader can be certain of this, for it has many parallels to John 1:1-18. If you want to, you can go back and re-read John 1:1-18 to find these parallels. But if you rather not, let me give you my paraphrase of John 1:1-18…

“In the beginning was the Word. The Word was the same as God, and yet the Word was different than God at the same time. The Word was there since the beginning of the creation, and the Word created everything. The Word created life and the Word created goodness. The Word gave goodness to the life in the world known as humankind, but humankind rejected it for sin and evil. So the Word, goodness incarnate, became flesh. We knew him as Jesus. Jesus presented goodness to mankind, but mankind also rejected the goodness that was Jesus and killed him. There are some, however, that received Jesus, and thus have eternal life. Such men are John the Baptist, who testified about Jesus before Jesus, and John the disciple, who testified about Jesus after Jesus. These men were not the good news, but they testified about the good news.”

And I was finishing my paraphrase of John 1:1-18, I looked back on 1 John 1:1-5 and I almost stopped and deleted it. For if you look at 1 John 1:1-5, you’ll notice it says everything John 1 was saying in 5 verses. 1 John 1:1-5 is the perfect paraphrase of John 1:1-18. Just like in John 1:1, John starts out 1 John in 1 John 1:1 by talking about the Word. This time, in 1 John, John decides to add the prepositional phrase, “of life.” Many scholars have attempted to distinguish “the Word of life” as different or separate from “the Word,” but all I think John is simply doing is reminding the audience that life (and eternal life!) is from the Word. Once again, John reminds us that the Word was present since the dawn of time. When John uses phrases like “seen with our eyes” and “our hands have touched” in 1 John 1:1, John is reinforcing that the Word became flesh, as stated in John 1:14. Moving into 1 John 1:2, the word “testify” appears. It parallels John 1, where John the Baptist is the one testifying about Jesus before Jesus came. Now that Jesus has come and gone, it’s the disciples who are now testifying about Jesus. Also, in verse 2, notice the phrase “…which was with the Father and has appeared to us.” Clearly, John has finally gotten that to see Jesus was to see the Father, and to know Jesus was to know the Father. 1 John 1:3 states because Christians can know and see the Father through Jesus, Christians can have a relationship with God the Father, and fellowship with him.

Now here comes 1 John 1:5. I truly believe that 1 John 1:5 belongs with the prologue. My biggest proof would be its parallels to the prologue in John 1. If you can recall in my studies of the Gospel of John, I suggested that John 1:1-18 not only states that Jesus is the Word incarnate, but it also states that Jesus is the True Light incarnate. Looking at John 1 alone, this suggestion would be merely a theory, for John does not explicitly say in John 1 that Jesus is the True Light who became flesh. 1 John 1:5 does say that a little more explicitly. 1 John 1:5 says that God is Light. Notice the equitive sentence: “God is light.” I did look this up in the Greek, and even the Greek manuscripts have no article for “light.” God is not a light. God is not the light. God is light. Follow my logic. If God is light, and Jesus is God, then Jesus is light. The same principle applies to Jesus. Jesus is not a light. Jesus is not the light. Jesus is light. Jesus is light incarnate. In this way 1 John 1:5 parallels John 1:1-18, so I see it as fitting best in the prologue.

I want to remind you what “light” means in this context. Yes, it can refer to physical light, as Jesus made physical light. But light also takes on a symbolic meaning as well. Symbolically, light also means moral goodness. It does fit the context of 1 John, and even fits the context of the Gospel of John. Both God and Jesus are the symbolic meaning of light, for they holy, or perfectly good. It definitely makes the next part of the verse make more sense, too. The rest of 1 John 1:5 states that God has no darkness. The Greek manuscripts use a double negative. In English, double negatives negate one another and make the statement really positive, but in Greek, a double negative adds more emphasis to the negative. Sometimes double negatives are translated as the word “never.” A literal translation of 1 John 1:15 could be “…in Him there is no darkness – none at all.” Now take the symbolic meaning of that. If light is symbolic for moral goodness, then darkness symbolizes sin and evil. There is no sin or evil in God or Jesus – none at all. 1 John 1:5 reminds of the doctrine that God is holy, and then applies it to Jesus. Jesus is holy. And it doesn’t matter if you see 1 John 1:5 as being with verses 1 to 4 or verses 6 to 10, either way, 1 John 1:5 serves as a perfect transition between the two sections. For if God is morally good, without any sin or evil, then that is what Christians should strive to be.

For the next part, the best way to get across John’s message is to show the parallels John is using. Now this is going to get a little tricky because I know that this blog’s template will not allow me to accurately format a table. But read 1 John 1:6,7 and try to connect like words and phrases.

As you can see, John is using If/then clauses to compare and contrast claims with the true results. The parallels are not clear cut as they seem, so let me explain them. John presents two possible ways to walk in 1 John 1:6,7. A person can either walk in light or walk in darkness. These are the only two options to John. They are black and white, and there are no gray areas. You’re either walking in darkness or walking in light. Even if you are walking in darkness and claim to be in fellowship with God, that does not put you in the light, it is no different than walking anyway else to be walking in darkness. John declares that anyone who walks in darkness, they do not live by the truth. Even if they claim they are with God, they are lying to themselves. Those who are in darkness can’t be in fellowship with God because God is light, and darkness is nowhere near God. On the flip side, those who walk in light do have fellowship with God because God is light. If we walk in the light, we must be in fellowship with the light. May I be clear here that “fellowship with one another” is not between Christians, but rather a mutual relationship between God and his people. Those who walk in the light fellowship with God just as much as God fellowships with them. It all goes back to God being light. Think about what Jesus said about light and darkness, or good and evil, in the 3rd chapter of the Gospel of John. Men refused to come into the light because they were afraid the light would expose their evil deeds. So they continued to walk in the darkness because they loved their evil deeds so much. John once again confronts his readers with this hard truth. If people continue to walk in darkness, it shows they want no part of the holy God. Those who walk in light want to be a part of God.

Also, take into consideration the historical occasion of epistle of 1 John. False teachers are presenting false teachings to the churches. Here, John presents a way to check if the teacher is a true teacher of the gospel or a false teacher. False teachers will continue to walk in darkness. Even if a teacher claims that he is in fellowship with God, if he walks in darkness, he is a false teacher, who teaches only lies. But if a teacher walks in the light, he is a true teacher of the gospel because he is in fellowship with God.

Believe it or not, that was the easier teachings. Now let’s move on to the harder teaching, the one found in 1 John 1:8-10.

Once again, the parallels aren’t as smooth as we would like them to be, so let me once again draw out the parallels. The “If Clauses” of verses 8 and 10 are synonymous, for they mean the same thing. Remember that human beings are sinners 3 times over. First, humans are born as sinners. Second, humans have a sinful nature, driving them to do the sinful more than good. Third, humans commit sins in their deeds, words and thoughts. Therefore, if any human being were to claim to not have sin in one of those ways, the person is also claiming to be sinless (at least in that way). When we do so, as the “Then Clauses” will tell us, we lie twice. Not only do we call God a liar (for God has stated many times in His word that humans are fallen sinners), we lie to ourselves, for God is not a liar, nor are we sinless. If we call God a liar, then we do not deserve the Word of God. The Word of God is truth. If we treat the Word of God as if it is a lie, then we are mistreating and abusing the Word of God, and we do not deserve it.

Before I throw in 1 John 1:9 into the mix, I want to remind everyone of the antithesis (meaning opposition, contrast, etc.) between truth and lies. If you remember from the Gospel of John, Jesus stated that the Devil is the father of lies and lies are the Devil’s language. Therefore, whether a person uses truth or lies shows which side the person is on. If a person lies, then that person is still a slave to Satan and a slave to sin. If the person tells the truth, then that person has God as their Father. That is why 1 John 1:8 says that the people who deceive themselves (accept their lie[s] as truth) do not have the truth. God is truth, and Satan is lies. Those who accept the lies, accept the Devil, and they do not have God.

The lie that 1 John 1:8-10 is one of the biggest lies that the Devil still likes to use today. A widely popular theory floating around about children is that are born good with a clean slate. Thus, Satan declares that we are not sinners from birth, a lie. Another widely popular theory is that humans, when faced with a good decision and an evil decision, will most likely pick the good decision on their own because there is more good in their heart than evil. Thus, the Devil deems that we do not have a sinful nature, a lie. It may not be a philosophy, but all you have to do is turn on your TV and watch court shows (both fictional, like Law & Order, and non-fictional, like Judge Judy) or talk shows, (like Dr. Phil), and you will find people, both the professional and non-professional, the intellectual and the non-intellectual, defend their acts that the Bible clearly declares as sin as justified to do. The prince of demons has once again got humans justifying their evil acts as good, a lie. What does 1 John 1:8-10 say about the people who adapt these philosophies? They have lied to themselves, and have accepted the lie as a truth. Thus, they do not know the truth. If they know the truth, then they do not know God and have no part with God. Ladies and gentlemen, as hard as it is to expose the world of sin, it is necessary, for without the conviction, the world is doomed to condemnation and destruction.

But wait! There’s hope! Now look at 1 John 1:9. First, let me start by saying that the “If Clause” of 1 John 1:9 are antithetically parallel, or they contrast one another. The opposite of claiming to be without sin is to claim to be with sin. To claim to be with sin is to confess sin. What John is doing is providing an alternative. You don’t have to claim to be without sin, as the false teachers would do. You can confess your sins. In that case, God will forgive you and purify you from all unrighteousness. When God does, you will have fellowship with God.

Once again, consider the historical context. Most of false teachers were teaching that since Jesus died on the cross and paid for your sins, God doesn’t care whether you sin or not because all sin has been paid for. False teachers taught that all the way back in the 1st century, and false teachers today in the 21st century still preach that message. Many people today believe that all you have to do is believe Jesus Christ existed and paid for you sins, and you can then live whatever lifestyle you choose, even if it’s sinful, because Jesus has paid the price for you. Once again, for an example, I will have you recall a Xanga site banner that said, “Sex is a sin, but sin is forgiven, so let’s begin!” Those who do believe that become a liberal Christian, believing that all God wants is for you to be happy and live any lifestyle you want. While I do believe God wants us to be happy, I believe part of the deception this world has fallen into is that we’ve traded the true meaning of happiness and joy for a lie, a fake happiness that is only temporary. Even John says in 1 John 1:4 that these teachings, no matter how hard or tough, will give a complete joy to the Christian’s life. God does want us to be happy, but He doesn’t want us to gain happiness over the hurt of others or the hurt of ourselves. And sin will always lead to the hurt of others or the hurt of ourselves.

Believe it or not, I don’t think this false teaching was merely a brand new, made up teaching. Instead, the teacher was a misguided or incorrect view of the atonement that Jesus paid on the cross. A lot of false teachings use this method. They will use familiar language, like “Christian-ese” to make it sound Christian, but really, it isn’t. Jehovah’s Witnesses and Mormons thrive on this. They will insist that they are just another denomination of Christian because they have God, Jesus, the Holy Spirit, angels, Satan and demons. In reality, a closer look at their beliefs will reveal they are far from it. Here’s an illustration I like to us. Imagine you went up to someone and ask, “Do you believe in Santa Claus?” The person replies, “Of course I believe in Santa. How could I not? After all, Santa Claus is the man who lurks in the night in October and scares and beats little children that don’t listen to their parents. But the few children who always listen to their parents, Santa Claus turns their eggs into chocolate!” Now, after giving this person a few odd looks, the first thought that would come to your mind would be, “That’s not Santa Claus. Are you insane?” Yet Jehovah’s Witnesses and Mormons do the exact same thing to Jesus, and some people still yet insist they are Christians, no more or less than any other denomination. Well, in my mind, they are far from orthodox Christianity, too far away to be considered Christian. Yet they are not too far off, so far off that they need to be taught from scratch. Instead, they simply need to be re-taught, or have their false teaching corrected into true teachings.

Consider another illustration. (I know this illustration is going to seem far-fetched when it comes to the distances of the locations, but I picked the locations because they will be easy to picture in the mind or easy to locate on a map.) Imagine I am touring with a group of Bible scholars around the continental U.S. to promote Bible literacy. We have just completed a weekend tour in New York City, and we are ready to continue our tour to the next location: Miami, Florida. The group calculated that it would cheaper to drive down to Miami than it would be to fly, so we all begin to drive down to Miami. As I pass Philadelphia on the highway, I realize that I forgot my suitcase in New York City! Not only did that suitcase have my clothes and my toiletries for the week, it also had my notes and the books I used for sources! There is no way I can do any of my work without it, and I don’t have the time or money to get it shipped down to Miami. So I make the next possible legal u-turn, turn around, and head back to New York City. Now consider my u-turn. How is my driving journey the same as before I made the u-turn? It is the same because I am passing through the same cities. How is it different? It is different because I am going a different direction. Instead of going south, I am going north. A person under false teachings does not need totally start from new. The person merely has to make a u-turn, and take a different look at their doctrinal stances.

A shorter illustration I could use is a spin on an old adage. When a teacher asked you a question in school, and you were sort of close, but not exactly right, did your teacher say, “You’re on the right track!” My teachers would say that to me, and I would reply, “Right track, wrong train.” And it technically did work, as in, “Right track of thought, wrong train of thought.” I think that describes people who follow false teachings. They are on the right track, but they are on the wrong train, or their train of thought is going in the wrong direction. They simply need to be put on the right train of thought, the train of thought going in the right direction.

Coming full circle, I believe the false teachers who are teaching that God doesn’t care about sin are only on the wrong train of thought or are going the wrong direction. They understand that God’s atonement means that our sins are forgiven, so well that God does not remember them. Yet that does not give us a “free to sin” card or permission slip. Instead, it rather means that if we do slip up, make a mistake and sin, it’s not the end of the world. Even though we are saved, we’re still battling that sinful nature. And occasionally, we’ll fall into temptation, we’ll make a mistake and we’ll sin. That doesn’t mean our salvation is in question. All we have to do is confess and repent, and we will be forgiven. I think that’s why John did throw in 1 John 1:9. If John did not include verse 9, and he only included verses 8 and 10, we would have Christians falling into guilt, and having the other Christians surrounding them fall into legalism.

Even now, as I promote here Christians not falling into sin, I must be careful to not give a mindset or legalism. In order to do so, I give another illustration. I believe the sanctification process of a Christian is like a mother and a father teaching their young child how to work. You can all picture the scene in your head. One parent is at the one end of the room, and the other parent is at the other end of the room. Most likely, one of the parents has video camera in hand. Then the parent at the far end of the room beckons the child to leave his one parent’s arms to walk into the arms of the other parents at the other side of the room. Rarely will the child make the trek on his or her own two feet in the first try. Most of the time, the child will fall even before he or she makes the halfway point. If you are a parent, and you’ve gone through this experience at least once, you could probably relate. Now tell me, when your child falls, do you punish the child? Do you send the child to his or her room? Do you put the child in time out? Do you spank the child? No! You dust the child off, put him or her back at the start, and try again. I could also use the analogy of teaching an older child to ride a bike, for it works the same way. A parent won’t punish the child for falling off the bike. The parent would just help dust the child off and help the child start over again. I really believe that is how our sanctification works. God the Father, our Father, beckons off to leave our life of sin and to come over to holiness that God has. We won’t make it over in this lifetime. We’ll stumble and fall. Yet God does not disown us because we do. He’ll just dust us off, forgive us, and have us try again. All God asks is that we at least leave that life of sin before we were saved, and He expects it from us.

So who are the people that the Bible calls pathological liars spiritually? The spiritual pathological liars are the ones who sin and walk in darkness and yet claim to be without sin and in fellowship with God. In essence, a pathological liar is someone who deceives himself/herself. Satan is the king of deception, so Satan is the king of the spiritual pathological liars, for Satan convinces the world that his lies are the truth. It is like Satan is pathological lying incarnate. If anyone is pathological liar spiritually, he/she is walking the same path Satan is walking. But if a person is willing to confess that he/she is not the source of truth, but God is the source of truth, he/she will come into the light and have fellowship with God. Let us throw off the postmodern mindset the lifts up our truth as absolute, and we must humble ourselves to accept God’s truth the absolute truth.

John 3: Nick@Nite

My favorite band of all time is the ApologetiX, a Christian parody band. The first album of theirs that I owned was called Keep the Change. My favorite song from their album Keep the Change is “The Real Sin Savior,” a parody of “The Real Slim Shady” by Eminem. One of the lines from that song that sticks out to me is “But if Jesus loved his enemies, and Pharisees…” The first couple times I heard this song, I thought it said, “But if Jesus loved his enemies, like Pharisees…” The ApologetiX could have said the same thing and it would be true. Jesus did preach, on the Sermon on the Mount, to love our enemies. I truly believe Jesus never asked his followers to do anything He did not do. So we ask, “How did Jesus love his enemies?” but then that leads us to ask, “Who were His enemies?” Christ’s enemies were the ones who opposed Him and His gospel message. Mostly, those opponents were the Pharisees and the Sadducees, as well as other religious parties within the Jewish religion. So Christ’s enemies were the Pharisees and Sadducees. So how did Jesus show love to the Pharisees and Sadducees? Whenever a Pharisee or Sadducee would approach Jesus in a way that wasn’t meant to insult Him, belittle Him, threaten Him or doubt His authority, Jesus always was open to discuss spiritual matters in a non-threatening environment. John 3 paints a wonderful picture of this.

John 3 opens in verse 1 by introducing Nicodemus, and with quite a résumé. Nicodemus is a Pharisee and a member of the Jewish Ruling Council, which some people might know better as the Sanhedrin. The Sanhedrin was a Jewish Ruling Council of 70 Jews, from each and every religious party. They were still under Roman rule in the Roman Empire, but among Jews, they were the highest form of government. Religiously speaking, these 70 men were the most intellectual and most spiritual Jews in the land. Nicodemus definitely had the five books of Torah (Genesis-Deuteronomy) memorized, and it’s very possible that Nicodemus had all the books of the Tanak (what we know as the Old Testament) memorized. The Bible only speaks positively of 3 Sanhedrin members: Nicodemus, Joseph of Arimathea and Gamiliel. But the Bible doesn’t just hand Nicodemus a positive outlook, so we’ll see how Nicodemus builds up that repertoire throughout the Gospel of John.

Verse 2 first tells the reader that Nicodemus came at night. The Bible doesn’t explicitly tell the reader why Nicodemus came at night, but I have a hunch. It’s the same reason why crime happens more often in the night than in the day. Because of the darkness, night is associated with hiddenness and secrecy. Even if there is 3 men in the Sanhedrin on the side of Jesus, there’s still 67 (maybe more, maybe less) who are against Jesus. If Nicodemus is exposed as being on the side of Jesus, or even giving Jesus a chance, he could be ridiculed or discredited among the Sanhedrin. So Nicodemus has to go when there is the fewest amount of witnesses. As the reader reads on in verse 2, the reader learns that Nicodemus is a skeptic, what politicians would call a “swing vote.” Going back to the Sanhedrin’s stance on Jesus, some scholars have suggested that the standpoint Nicodemus reveals in his beliefs about Jesus is where most of the Sanhedrin members stand on Jesus. They don’t want to believe Jesus is sent from God because Jesus is preaching against them. Yet they can’t help but believe Jesus is from God because of all the miraculous signs. Especially consider this in light of the temple cleansing in John 2. When Jesus cleanses the temple, the Jews demand a miraculous sign to back up his actions. Now, sticking with my belief that the temple cleansing happened within a week of Christ’s crucifixion, Jesus has been performing several miracles, many of which were healing people. On top of that, Christ’s preaching itself was a sign and testimony to His authority (see Matthew 12:39 and Luke 11:29). So signs are aplenty. It all comes down to whether or not the Jews accept the signs, for whatever those reasons may be. Nicodemus realizes it has come down to this. It’s almost like Nicodemus is saying, “They don’t want you to be a rabbi, but you have to be, because as much as they like to deny it, you do have the signs to prove it.”

Since Jesus sees Nicodemus is coming to Him to really learn, Jesus presents Nicodemus with a simple teaching in verse 3. The NIV translates it as “born again” but other translations have translated it “born anew” or “born above.” All of these translations mean the same thing. Jesus is talking about a spiritual transformation that changes the whole person. Change like this can only come from above, from heaven, from the Father. When this transformation happens, it turns the person into a whole new person, as if he or she has a brand new life. Hence, it is appropriate to compare this to a second birth.

Yet in verse 4 Nicodemus can’t handle the metaphor, and he gets hung up by it. Nicodemus takes the metaphor very literally, believing he must re-enter his mother’s uterus and re-emerge from it in order to receive salvation. Christian readers know this obviously isn’t the answer. But I don’t think Nicodemus believes this is the answer either. It’s like Nicodemus is saying, “You don’t really expect me to believe I have to go through the birthing canal again, do you?”

Jesus can tell Nicodemus can’t handle this “born again” teaching with ease, so He makes the teaching easier for Nicodemus to understand. He uses an analogy of the Spirit (that is, the Holy Spirit) to wind. In English, this analogy already makes sense, but it makes more sense in Hebrew and Greek, two languages in which Christ’s Jewish audience would be well familiar with. The Hebrew word is ruah and the Greek word is pneuma. In both languages the word means both “wind” and “spirit.” So comparing the Spirit to wind is like comparing apples to apples because it is the same word. It’s a beautiful wordplay. And whether you’re reading John 3 in Hebrew, Greek or English, the analogy works in full. Nobody knows the source of wind, nor its final destination. Back then, how wind worked puzzled people, and still today our laws about wind are fully complete. Just as wind is still somewhat a mystery, the Holy Spirit is a mystery to us in some aspects. Jesus even tries to reach out to Nicodemus using simple logic. Flesh gives birth to flesh, spirit gives birth to spirit. Simply state: Flesh –> Flesh, Spirit –> Spirit. This verifies Christ’s teaching above on being “born again.” Your first birth was a physical birth. Your second birth, in which you are “born again,” is a spiritual birth. Your physical birth was a result of man’s decision and man’s will (mom + dad. Need I say more) on the earth. Your spiritual birth comes from above, from heaven, from the Holy Spirit.

Before I move on, I guess I must make a comment on John 3:6, where Jesus says that no one is able to be born again “unless he is born of water and the spirit.” What does he mean, especially in regards to “of water and the spirit”? Someone might easily want to say that this is a reference to baptism, for when you are baptized with water, you receive the Holy Spirit. But from that, a lot of issues arise. What about that one criminal crucified next to Jesus who recognized he is being just punished for his evil deeds (I believe this is repentance) and who believes Jesus is Christ, God and sinless (I believe this is showing belief). He was not baptized, and Jesus told him that he would be in Heaven with Jesus. And what about the book of Acts, where people received the Holy Spirit before and after baptism, just as much as those who received it at the same time? Also, if this was a reference to baptism, wouldn’t that technically mean there is an act or work necessary for salvation, so salvation isn’t by faith alone? So it can’t be a reference to baptism. Others have claimed this parallels the difference between the first birth and the second birth. The first birth is of water (after all, when a woman is about to give birth, he “water breaks.”), and the second birth is of spirit. I would say this is the second best interpretation, for it tries to take this verse literally, but at the same time, it’s out of pure logic. People have tried to take “water” more as a metaphor, giving it symbolic. Perhaps water is a symbol for the Holy Spirit or the Word of God. I don’t like either of these interpretations, because it removes a literal meaning too much, and the meaning becomes purely allegorical. Instead, combine the symbolic meaning to first interpretation. When we think of “water” in our faith, we do normally think of baptism. What does baptism represent, or what is it a symbol of? It is a symbol that shows we are dead to our sin, and we are brought back to life by the work of the Holy Spirit. Ah, there’s that word, “Spirit.” So we know this interpretation is dead on track. “Born of water and of spirit” means that we must repent of our worldly life and worldly living, and instead let the Holy Spirit transform us to more spiritual beings. This is the best interpretation because it fits historically, logically and theologically.

Still, with all this explaining, Nicodemus still doesn’t get it. In verse 9, all Nicodemus can utter is, “How can this be?” Jesus wants to reply, “How can you be so dense?” but instead replies in verse 10, “You are Israel’s teacher and you do not know these things?” Christ’s question does raise some legitimate concerns. Nicodemus is on the Sanhedrin, the Jewish ruling council. He’s suppose to have the Pentateuch memorized, and very possibly the whole Old Testament. Every Jew looks up to this man as a Rabbi who knows the way to God and can show other people the way. What a shocker it is to Jesus, and to the rest of the Jews, to find such a highly regarded Jewish man dumfounded. Think back to what I said about Nicodemus representing the general consensus of the Sanhedrin. If knowledge was measured in comparison to the population, Nicodemus would be average among the Sanhedrin. He probably carries the same knowledge as those 70 Jews do. So all 70 members of the Sanhedrin would also be dumfounded by Christ’s teachings. Maybe that is why so many Pharisees and Sadducees oppose Christ’s preaching. They just don’t get it. This kind of reminds me of the Dark Ages of the Church. The pope, the cardinals, the bishops and the archbishops were suppose to read, remember and understand the Scriptures in order to lead the parishioners into the right spiritual life. Instead, they stopped reading the Scriptures. Their memory of what the Bible actually said faded, and all they could remember was dogmatic tradition. Both this dogmatic tradition and the faint memories of their Bible reading they didn’t understand. It resulted in totally walking down the wrong path. Same seems to be true for the Sanhedrin in 1st century. They don’t understand what the Scriptures are telling them. Instead of receiving grace and faith, they resort to legalism.

I think Jesus sees this and calls out Nicodemus, as well as the whole Sanhedrin, on this. First, they call themselves teachers and rabbis, yet they still lack a lot, so much, they need to be taught. Second, as seen in verse 11, even if the Jews of the day did not understand what was being preached, they could have at least accepted the testimony, or the result, of what was true. Yet they did not even do that. In short, they could (and should) have said, “We don’t fully understand, but we’ll still believe it.” Instead, they said, “We don’t understand it, so it can’t be true!” Third, as seen in verse 12, they are trying to go onto bigger things without understanding the smaller things. It would be like a brain surgeon, trying to operate on a patient’s brain, without knowing how brain cells connect to one another. It would be like a rocket scientist, trying to build a newer rocket for astronauts to use, when the scientist does not know how combustion works. It would be like a mechanic, trying to build a car from scratch, without knowing the parts of an engine. Of course Nicodemus didn’t understand the spiritual matters Jesus was talking about! He couldn’t even comprehend how earthly matters worked! What Nicodemus may or may not have known is that no one can fully understand spiritual matters. Heck, even with the science we have today, we still don’t comprehend earthly matters either. This was humbling experience for Nicodemus, and it would also be a humbling experience for anyone, back then or today, who acts like they know everything earthly and spiritually. Lucky for Nicodemus, and for us, there is someone who does understand the spiritual world, because he was from the spiritual world. His name was Jesus. Jesus is the only one who descended from heaven, and he will also ascend there.

The thought of descending and ascending leads Jesus to another thought, a thought from history. No, it’s not Jacob’s ladder in Genesis, but rather the bronze snake in Numbers. Let me give you a quick reminder of the story. The Israelites are complaining and whining in the desert wilderness. God, sick of the Israelites constant complaining (and probably sick of having to come up with new punishments all the time) decides that if an Israelite sins, he or she will be painfully bitten by a poisonous snake, which will lead to sickness and even possibly death. Well, the Israelites realize their mistake and cry out to the Lord for salvation. So Moses seeks the Lord for a solution. God tells Moses to forge out of bronze a snake on a pole. If an Israelites sins, he or she will receive a fatal bite from a snake, but if the Israelite looks at the bronze snake on the bronze pole (a sign of repentance), God will forgive that individual and heal him or her from the snake poison. Jesus uses this typology for what He is going to do. Jesus reveals humankind is sick with a more deadly poison: sin. Sin kills us both physically and spiritually. The Son of Man, Jesus, will be lifted up like the Bronze Snake, but it will be on a cross. If anyone was to look towards Jesus on the cross (a sign of repentance and belief), he or she would be healed from sin and will receive eternal life.

Now before we go any further, we need to have a lexical study of John 3:16-21 (and “lexical study” simply means we’re going to look at the original text in its original language). If you were to look at different Bible translations, you might have notice that they differ in where they place the quote the ends Christ’s words. Most translations put the end quote after verse 21. But a few translations, like the RSV, place the quotes at the end of verse 15. The 1984 edition of the NIV places the quotes at the end of verse 15, but the 2011 edition has the quotes end at verse 21. What gives? Koine Greek, the Greek language of the 1st century AD, did not have quotation marks. So it’s not as clear when someone’s speaking begins and ends. Trust me, I take Greek. It’s frustrating translating because you don’t know if you should translate the sentence “The prophets say, ‘You should believe, be baptized and become a disciple.’” or “The prophets say that you should believe, be baptized and become a disciple.” Of course, I’m only beginning Greek 2, and some Greek experts might say this is an amateur mistake. But at the same time, this doesn’t mean the experts find translating easy, for there is debatable passages, such as John 3. So if the quotation ends at John 3:15, then who is saying John 3:16-21? That would be the narrator, who in this case is the beloved disciple John. Remember that John’s Gospel is a supplementary Gospel, one in which John gives his own commentary while narrating the events of the book. John 3:16-21 could simply be John explaining Christ’s teachings in John 3, especially 3:11-15. Proponents of the view that John 3:16-21 is John’s commentary say their number 1 proof is that that the speaker is speaking in the third person. But someone could easily object, showing that Jesus many times spoke in the third person. I do believe these verses, especially the famous 3:16 verse, are indeed the words of Jesus. I don’t want to go into the whole lexical, exegetical and hermeneutical arguments, so I will simply defend my view with the numbers. A majority of the scholars believe these words belong to Jesus, and most of these scholars are conservative scholars. A minority of scholars believe those verses are John’s words, and most of those scholars are liberal scholars. But at the end of the discussion and debate, someone can simply say that it doesn’t matter who said them, the words themselves speak a powerful message, a message that needs to be looked at. So let’s stop talking about who said it, and let’s look more at what these verses are saying.

I’m going to breeze over John 3:16 because most Christians already know. It has become a famous Bible verse, seen commonly at football games. One thing I will quickly note is that the Greek word for “perish” does not necessarily mean “annihilate” or “wiped out of existence” as we would think in our English minds. A better definition for perish in this context would be “ruined,” as if verse 16 is telling the reader that whoever does not believe in Jesus is ruining their life, and at the end of life, his or her life will be left in ruins. Very interesting concept. But enough of the famous verse. Let’s look at the lesser famous verses, which have a messages that is just as powerful, if not more powerful. I’ll even put them right into this text.

John 3:17-21-
“For God did not send his Son into the world to condemn the world, but to save the world through him. Whoever believes in him is not condemned, but whoever does not believe stands condemned already because they have not believed in the name of God’s one and only Son. This is the verdict: Light has come into the world, but people loved darkness instead of light because their deeds were evil. Everyone who does evil hates the light, and will not come into the light for fear that their deeds will be exposed. But whoever lives by the truth comes into the light, so that it may be seen plainly that what they have done has been done in the sight of God.”

The common questions I will get from non-Christians are questions over the judgment of God, or sometimes even more specific, like the judgment of Jesus. These questions range from “Does God/Jesus judge people?” to “Does God/Jesus judge sin?” Sometimes these questions will turn into comments, some saying, “It’s wrong for God to judge people as sinners for all the wrong things they have done.” (and I still have to hear a convincing argument for why), while others say, “Jesus doesn’t judge people’s sins or judge people as sinners because He loves us and He forgave us.” There are many different routes we can go to point the errors in these comments, including correcting an incorrect view of the Law (or maybe even making light of the ignored Law!). But let’s stick to using this passage to formulate an answer, for both these questions and these comments/claims.

First of all, let me start by saying both the questions and comments are a result of a misunderstanding of the definition of “judgment,” which comes from an unnecessary negative connotation of the word “judgment.” It seems like the generations of the 21st century (and maybe I’ll even add the 1990s generation) have associated the word “judge/judgment” with having to go to court. With a generation that has heavy gang involvement, from which a “no snitching” policy has arisen, this generation has associated going to court, or going to a judge, as a negative experience because they have been convicted of a crime, and the judge will punish them. Even outside the court setting, a lot of people out of this generation, when judged by authorities or even older people, have come out with a bad judgment, for one reason or another. Either way, the 21st century generation sees judgment with a negative connotation, as if it was bad. But a closer look and deeper thought reveals it isn’t always true. Yes, it is bad if you are judged and declared guilty. But it’s good if you judged and declared innocent. It’s also good if the judgment brings justice to you. So “judge” and all forms of it (judging, judgment, etc.) are suppose to be neutral in connotation. The negative word is suppose to be “condemn,” which means to be judged, fail judgment, and to be punished with no hope of escape from the judgment and punishment. And there are many positive connotations to judge, like “forgive,” “innocent” or any other word that shows a positive passing of judgment.

Back to the verses, I do believe God and Jesus play an active role as judge, but I also believe there’s a more passive role, and John 3:17-18 bring light to that. When I say God/Jesus has a passive role in judging, I could simply state it as this: “When sinners stand in the presence of a holy and righteous God, their sins are exposed and they stand in judgment.” God doesn’t have to point out sins. The sins stand out like a sore thumb when they are exposed. To deny fully exposed sins would be like denying a black eye or a big pimple at the end of your nose, which everyone can see. I don’t have to announce to everyone that you have a black eye or big pimple at the end of your nose, for everyone who looks at your face will see it.

What a better way to talk about judgment that using courthouse language, as well as analogies to light and darkness. Did you catch the courthouse vocabulary? “This is the verdict.” Jesus is saying, “The trial has happened, judgment has been passed (neutrally!), and these are the results. What are the results? “Light has come into the world, but people loved darkness instead of light because their deeds were evil.” The Light is Jesus and His Gospel message, the one that will save humankind from their sins. The darkness is the sinful, fallen, depraved world we live in. Logically speaking, someone would think people would want to go from darkness to light. But they don’t! Why not? The light exposes the evil deeds of the dark world, and people are too afraid to come into to the light because their deeds will be exposed, and they will stand condemned. Why are they so afraid? Perhaps they are afraid of shame. Maybe they fear they will ruin their pride.

How true it is for this 21st century generation (and once again, may I add the 1990s generation into this). A common banner I see this generation’s youth and young adults wave is “You have no right to judge me.” This banner covers everything from religion to beliefs to morals. Sometimes this banner comes out in a passive form: “Well, that’s what you believe, but I believe different. So you believe what you believe, I’ll believe what I believe, and let’s keep it at that.” Other times, this banner has come out more aggressively: “How dare you judge me for my beliefs! Who gave you the right to decide my beliefs are wrong and yours are right?! Your beliefs are right for you, my beliefs are right for me.” Modernists blame postmodernism for this. Modernists claim that postmodernism has made beliefs, spirituality and religion so individualistic that every person’s religious and spiritual beliefs are their own religion and their own personal religious truth, so no one has the right to infringe on their “personal religion.” So what happens to morals? Morality becomes a thing of emotional feeling. If it feels right, it’s moral, but if it doesn’t feel right, it’s immoral. So if something feels right for you, but doesn’t feel right to me, that means it moral to you, but not moral to me. What kind of system is that?

There’s a reason John calls Jesus the “true light.” Think about what light can do. It’s easy to keep things hidden in darkness. You can place something out in the open in the darkness, and the darkness will hide it. It’s hard to hide things in the light, for light will expose everything that it touches. Jesus is the light, and evil is the darkness. Evil tries to hide our sins, tries to convince that our sins are right and we have nothing to be embarrassed about. If someone or something tries to embarrass us or judge us for our sins, they are in the wrong, not us. Jesus, the true light, works differently. Jesus exposes everything, the good and the evil, the righteous and the sinful.

So what do I say to the people who ask me if God judges, if Jesus judges, or even if Christians should judge other people, both Christians and non-Christians? First, I do acknowledge God and Jesus as the judge over all humankind. After all, God/Jesus is holy and righteous, which makes Him better than us fallen sinners. Second, I do admit that the Bible does say Christians shouldn’t judge other people, but I do also recognize the Bible says Christians should judge sinful actions (not going any further on this discussion, as it would take us way off topic). But then I follow that up by saying, “But Christians really don’t have to judge people, and technically, God doesn’t have to either. Because the people already stand in judgment, and the judgment is they are guilty of their sins.” I use John 3:18 to back me up.

That is why, as John 3:17 tells us, that Jesus did not come into the world to condemn the world. The world already stood condemned because their sins and their evil ways had been exposed. Their crimes had been exposed, and so they were exposed as guilty. They were already condemned. If Jesus were to come into the word to condemn the world, it would be redundant. If humanity were to look at themselves honestly, they would already know they were condemned.

If I were to stop right here, I would be just as guilty as my generation for giving the word “judge” a negative connotation. If Jesus didn’t come into the world to condemn it, he must have come for another reason. Hopefully it’s a positive one! Indeed it is. John 3:16-21 simply says we believe and come into the light by living the truth, we will not be condemned, we will not perish but we will live an eternal life in the light. Jesus didn’t come into the world to declare us guilty, but Jesus came into the world to forgive us, so He could declare us innocent.

So you’d think it would be a “no-brainer” to receive the light and the salvation that comes with it. Everyone should be running out of the darkness and into the light. But not everyone does. Why? It goes back to John 3:19-20, and even back to the true meaning of “perish” in John 3:16. People are given the chance to come into the light, but when they come into the light, their sins will be exposed, so they would have to admit those sins, admit they were evil, and then reject them. The sad reality is some people love the darkness. Some people love their sins and love evil. There’s a reason phrases like “the ways of the world” or “worldly ways” can be synonymous with “sinful ways.” Since the world we live in is a fallen and depraved one, it’s a world that’s going to offer us sin as the “high life.” Sex, drugs, wealth, popularity, partying is what it tries to sell you. Any threat to these lifestyles is an enemy. So if the True Light tries to expose these as wrong, the True Light is your enemy. The ways of the world begs you, “Don’t walk into the light! It will just judge you to put you down and make you feel bad. It wants to embarrass you. Stay in the darkness. It is your friend.” People listen to this dark world. Fear of hurting their pride or even the pride of their sins keeps them from entering the Light. They know a life in the Light will have them reject their old life, and they want to selfishly hold onto their life of sin. So they stay in the darkness. Even if a beam of light comes near them, they yell, “Stay back, Light! Don’t judge me!” Little do they know that they have brought judgment upon themselves. Little do they know that while the darkness hides the evil, it does not get rid of it. They still stand with their evil sins, and thus they still stand condemned. And little do they know that they are slowly perishing, which means they are slowly ruining their lives until they die.

In closing, I am reminded that some evangelists use this book of the Bible as an evangelism tool. While I said and shown that this book is better used for discipleship reasons, I do believe this passage does give a strong evangelistic gospel message. Just don’t use John 3:16, but include John 3:17-21 into this as well. John 3:16-21 paints a beautiful picture of the gospel. There we were, in a dark and fallen world, slowly perishing and slowly ruining our lives. But God, out of His everlasting love, sent God the Son into the world, to expose the world of sin so the people could see how much they were ruining their lives. Some people didn’t mind their sins, so they went back into the darkness and went back to a slow ruin. But some people walked into the light, believed in the Son, and received eternal life. The reader is faced with the same 2 decision. You either go back into the darkness and back to your evil sins, or come into the light by believing in Jesus and walking the ways of truth. Does this gospel message work? Well, look at the first hearer of this word: Nicodemus. Does Nicodemus come to faith? Well, the next time you’ll see Nicodemus, he’ll denounce the Pharisees (remember Nicodemus is a Pharisee!) for not giving Jesus a fair chance to preach or even to defend himself. Later on, you’ll see Nicodemus help Joseph of Arimathea bury Joseph. I think both actions are a demonstration of his faith. By the end of chapter 3, Nicodemus know what Jesus is teaching, understands what Jesus is preaching, believes Jesus is the Son of God and walks from darkness into the light. After all, the next time you see Nicodemus, he won’t be sneaking around in the dark, but boldly standing up for Jesus in the light of the day.

P.S. I decided not to go into the rest of John 3. Why? The rest of John 3 is John the Baptist confirming what Jesus preached earlier in the chapter. To give a quick summary, John the Baptist’s disciples come to John the Baptist whining, complaining, “That Jesus man is taking your disciples!” to which John the Baptist replies, “Good. He is suppose to.” Then John the Baptist verifies Christ’s teaching in John 3 by preaching that Jesus is from above, Jesus testifies about heavenly things, people have not believed in Christ’s testimony, those who receive Christ’s testimony has eternal life, and those who do not are condemned. Everything I can about this I have already said above. Besides, it was already getting too long.